Sunday, 25 September 2016

Intertextuality of Music Videos

Andrew Goodwin writing in 'Dancing in the Distraction Factory' (Routledge 1992)
Key:
1 - Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics
2 - There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals
3 - There is a relationship between music and visuals
Additional:
4 - The demands of the record label will include the need for a lot of close ups of the artist and the            artist may develop motifs which recur across their work
5 - There is frequently reference to notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the            female body
6 - There is often intertextual reference to films, TV programmes etc.
Duran Duran - Girls on Film

Intertextuality and cinema
It is perhaps not surprising that so many music videos draw upon cinema as a starting point, since their own directors are often film school graduates looking to move on eventually to the film industry eventually.

 Examples:
David Fincher
Spike Jonze
Michael Gondry
Fatboy Slim - Weapon of choice - Directed by Spike Jonze

Stereotypes are important in music videos to portray characters in a shorter amount of time

Television is often a significant point of reference

Cinema, fashion and art photography

The influence of videogames will predominate for the younger audience with the more plasticised look of characters emerging (uncanny valley)
Robbie Williams - Let Love Be Your Energy

John Stewart - "incorporating, raiding and reconstructing"

Technical Codes and Conventions of Music Videos

The 1920s - Music videos began
Many Jazz musicians of the time, such as Bessie Smith, made short films to accompany popular songs.
St. Louis Blues - Bessie Smith (1929)

1965 - Bob Dylan Films
Subterranean homesick blues as a segment for D.A. Pennebaker's film Don't Look Back, widely credited as one of the first modern music videos

Subterranean Homesick Blues (1965)
This became iconic and has been paid homage to several times since.
INXS - Mediate (1987)

1970 - TV promotion
The record industry discovered TV as a great opportunity to promote their artists. They focused on producing short "promos". They were essentially early music videos which started to replace the live performance of the artist on the TV stage.

1975 - Bo Rhap
In 1975, Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody. A groundbreaking video, it marked the beginning of the music video era and set the structure for the modern music video.

Bohemian Rhapsody - Queen (1975)

The 1990s or "Just after the '80s"
Music videos, having become standard thanks to MTV and successes such as a-ha's Take on Me, change, setting the foundation for modern music videos.
 - Fast cut montage (encourages multiple viewings in order to re-watch shots)
 - Effects
 - Non-representational techniques
 - Lack of edits, long takes/Steadicam (purely experimental)

a-ha - Take on Me (1985)

Wednesday, 14 September 2016

Genre Conventions: Dance

Dance (dubstep)
 - Originated in London, England in 1990s
 - led to - 2-step garage, dub, techno, drum and bass, broken beat, jungle, reggae.
 - Traced to growth of Jamaican sound system party scene in early 1980s.
 - Features sparse, syncopated drum and percussion patterns with bass lines that contain prominent        sub bass frequencies.
 - Skrillex, Zomboy

Mise en scene:
 - Single performer
 - Casual/common clothes (eg hoodies, jeans)
 - Focus on dancing
 - Similar tone to rock/grunge

Soft Cell - Tainted Love


Tuesday, 13 September 2016

Genre Convention: RnB

Chain Gangs
 - Singing - Black American English (Ebonics)

USA
 - Protest

Black Slave Music
 - Christianity - call and response

 - South of America (higher black population)
 - Drum/guitar basis due to availability plus church-type female singing voices
 - 1980s onwards - Rise in popularity - Aretha Franklin, Whitney Housten
 - 1990s - RnB/Pop hybrids become popular - Michael Jackson, Boys II Men
 - 2000s onwards - RnB popular with black/white/hispanic audiences - TV shows depicting RnB stars  - Pimp my Ride, Power, Empire
 - Crossover - Kanye West and fashion line, Puff Daddy and clubs
 - Power couples - BeyoncĂ© and JayZ
 - Secretly produced by caucasians

Cultural Appropriation

Conventions:
Mise en Scene
 - low light
 - black people
 - guitars/drums
 - conspicuous consumption (gold chains, diamonds)
 - status driven
 - "bling culture"
 - clothes and tattoos identifty sports and TV stars as fans of RnB
 - Crime - ghetto, glamorises?, culture/survival
 - Topics - lust, crime, cheating, violence, racism, abuse


Genre Conventions: Pop

Mise en Scene
 - Happy/bouncy bright lights
 - Sexualised
 - Coreography
 - Relationships
 - Conspicuous consumption
 - Youth (limited by age)
 - Pink pound (homosexuals)

Manufactured
Appearances - body fascism


Genre Research

Genre Overview:

Classical:
 - Huge popularity but unusual to have music videos because of older demographic

Hybrids:
 - Hybrid examples - Pop/RnB
 - Artist Examples - 2 Cellos

Popular:
 - Tribal - clothing, hair colour/tattoos, attitudes & values
 - Pop - Justin Bieber
 - RnB - Jason Derulo
 - Dance/house/dubstep
 - Rap (popularity fading)
 - Rock (always popular)
 - Country - Garth Brooks, Taylor Swift

Thursday, 8 September 2016